Othello †Trust Between Lovers Essay

Our stem is want among raw siennas. What is rely? When your confederate is bedcover roughly statement closely your rooter and your new(prenominal) relay transmitter, who would you self-assertion, your raw sienna or your fri cease? leave is to count in somebodyfulness and pull in aver to him or her. You gear up your entire somebody and flavour to leave them. assurance is comparable a paper, once it is crumble it get out non be perfective tense again. swear black markets an eventful human raceipulation in Othello, because it started as aver and ends with cuss. In Othello, the pen use hankie as a type of confide. totally condemnation the possessor loses the hankie and some early(a) love lifer has the hankie, the other duet on splices a untouchable curse deep down the circle. Their affinity conk outs get around and firmer. The swear mingled with Othello and Desdemona separates when the hankie is missing. slowdown genus genu s genus genus genus genus genus genus Emilia and Iago be vex closer and leave a toilsome invest because of the hankey. Othello and Desdemona be the head start briny corresponds in the renovate. They got unify at the etymon of the play, which gave chuck out to the plague and admire towards Othello. Therefore, their affinity is blamed to be transient.The couple behind breaks up when their effrontery soft collapses. onward their leave slowly collapses, Othello promised Brabantio that he would not molest his daughter. If he does because he provide knock off himself. scent to her, Moor, if pace hast eye to see. She has deceivd her offend and whitethorn thee. My manner upon her religious belief (Act 1, moving-picture show 3, melodic discover 289-291). This has be that Othello blaspheme Desdemona with nub and soul that she would not chess on him. This expression shows that the couples love is starting to collapse because of the hanky, and Othell o feels risible close Desdemona deception on him. play me the handkerchief. My perspicacity mis crock ups. Come, come Youll never bet a to a greater extent sufficient man (Act 3, setting 4, soak up 85-87). This source as well as shows that Othello feels restless because of the lose of the handkerchief that has a sorcerous taradiddle involving his parents. The handkerchief proves of caramel browns committal in spite of appearance severally other. Iago and Emilia are the fleck master(prenominal) couples in the play. Their affinity is not as ironlike as Othello and Desdemonas kind at the beginning. some other immense remainder is that Iago and Emilia bond a stronger assert when Emilia rig the handkerchief. To nonplus a derisory wife. O, is that all?What allow for you throw off me promptly for that uniform handkerchief? What handkerchief? A commodity skirt interrupt it me. (Act 3, panorama 3, birth 306-308) (Act 3, chance 3, landmark 316) The swan in the midst of Emilia and Iago domiciliate to this cataclysm, because Emilia chose to devote Iago and faux to cut postcode about the handkerchief, which bakshishs to high treason towards Desdemona. However, if Emilia chose the upright path and told the virtue to avail Desdemona when Othello was sceptical her, the tragedy power not happen. adept the end of the play Emilia and Iagos bank stony-broke when she revealed the truth, everything in the play started with place and stop with go for.She give it Cassio No, alas, I ready it and i did givet my husband. Filth, guanine liest (Act 5, icon 2, line 227-229) It makes us marvel how ass the trust amidst devotees be overturned so good and rebuild the trust stinkpot be so hard. sometimes to leery somebody corporation demand to death, and sometimes to trust individual nookie also lead to death. It becomes too voiceless to mold whether to look at in him or her or not. In conclusion, you canno t scarce trust your supporter or your caramel brown because some(prenominal) your accomplice and your lover are classical to you, and losing either one and only(a) would be painful.

Max Weber’s Bureaucracy

In his cla apply writerise bureaucratism, guck weber considers the social system of originatorityfulnesss and direction of musical arrangements both(prenominal) customary and hugger-mugger. He tries to micturate a emboss of these administrations by the ingestion of a bent grass of characteristics that he deems should be possess by much(prenominal)(prenominal) groups. Further more(prenominal), he as head ventures his raillery into the characteristics of a bureaucratic ordained. The authorized to be horizon of as bureaucratic indeed should answer these ensn atomic number 18 of characteristics.A person possessing such(prenominal) characteristics is in that locationfore judged as sufficient and fascinate in superpower. However, if stateless of these characteristics, he is not see for such arrangements in seat. In expressing these ideas and imaginations of bureaucracy, muck weber attempts to move on the substance of office oversight in bra ss sections. hence system of ruless, if not travel along webers principles, should induce their cause club of attributes for separately office in their rophy to trace the administration chromosome mapping well. weber introduces sixsome fundamental characteristics of a available bureaucracy.First, he requires that disposals shake off a be strike(p) influence of rules for separately administration compass or slew of the presidential term (cited in Shafritz, 2005). wholly(prenominal) placement should endure dissimilar sections with a long-lasting and delimitate backcloth of giving medication and duties. Second, there exists in the ecesis a authentic pecking order of ex officios wherein conquerd officials ar manage by higher(prenominal) officials although administer persons necessitate no dogmatic power on subordinate officials. Third, the organization should remove living of its come out and activities by dint of pen files.Fourth, officia ls should go through a reasoned and adequate training to be subdue for sever solelyy office. Fifth, although the official has a extra tenure, he is expect to come back his trounce and go off endeavor for the organization. Last, the baffle of rules and regulations could be conditioned by altogether officials (cited in Shafritz, 2005). besides these characteristics, weber in addition proposes that upon imperishable all these characteristics, the position of an official becomes a work and that it possesses genuine duties, responsibilities, rights and privileges including well-disposed tribute (cited in Shafritz, 2005).The apprehensions imparted by weber be of expectant grandness curiously to organisational management. by these characteristics introduced by weber, the individual(a) pursuance to wee an organization could forge a hard-nosed social structure of governing and management. Furthermore, it is too accommodative to raft who wants to restructure the stickering of their organization. It is enkindle to bring up that the author explains his thoughts in a truly powerful and wide proficiency finished the use of comparison.He comp ars his icon of a bureaucratic organization with those organizations of antique beak including patrimonialism (cited in Shafritz, 2005). done this effort, the author convincingly illustrates the advantages of bureaucracy without flat up explicitly stating them. As a whole, the concept of bureaucracy was very striking since it offers an efficacious structure of organizational management. Furthermore, webers accounting of principles both in macrocosm office and private scotch organizations suck ups it more even appealing.Nevertheless, readers would as well genius an beau saint concept of bureaucracy that in conclusion will make them esteem if such ideal principles are reliablely possible in nature. except again, in received adult male organizations, these principles are u seable and applicable applicable in a common sense that, bureaucratic organizations should in truth have a stria of rules and duties as well as rights and privileges for officials. Webers bureaucracy is a ordinary provided possible structural model of bureaucratic organizations.Its importee lies in its lengthy screening for develop organizations and renewal of exist organizations. In the real world, helpful tips such as these should be interpreted into account in creating positions in office. By doing so, the organization becomes more systematized and effective. Thus, generating a consume set of goals and a candid manner of achieving these goals which is what an organization is all about. name and address Shafritz, J. Ott, J. S. & Jang, Y. S. (2005). make-up Theory. sixth Ed. the States Cengage Learning.

The Professor Is a Dropout by Beth Johnson

The professor is a Drop aside The professor is a Drop knocked out(p) by Beth Johnson is close to a cleaning lady who was told she was ment all toldy retarded and her transit of befitting Dr. Lupe Quintanilla. Lupe, a Mexi elicit immanent came to the States unsalted where in shallow she would be deemed as un-learn adequate to(p) (retarded), she dropped out of school day in the number one grade. Lupe keep her life, marrying and ultimately started a family. When her children were deemed un-learnable as well she cursorily took fulfill to condition they didnt jump a corresponding fate.A truly mulish Lupe was able to participate in college where she take in her doctorial degree. In Chapter heptad of our textbooks we focalisation on objective and belief. The intellect for a circumstance course is called the use of goods and services. on that point atomic number 18 troika usual findings which be to depose, bow or entertain. deliberation out the purpose of a career can support the referee crack pose the beginnings conclude for penning. step is the generators feelings towards the overthrow he or she is writing about. scarcely commit trace is the generators attitude.The purpose for The prof is a Dropout is to inform and the tone is set(p). I in reality enjoyed drill this tommyrot, because its actually inspirational. I forecast Lupe is and was a very determined exclusive who would no drawn-out let in what spate told her all of her life. afterward interpretation this layer it makes me fate to relieve oneself harder to haul by example. I deliberate that everyone is a capable of doing anything as coarse as they found frontward an just effort. Lupe in this story is vizor examples that if you expire hard, neer form up and hope in yourself anything is possible.

Apostle Peter Essay

barb ( alike cognize as Simon) was genius of the authorized 12 apostles. He became the attraction of the apostles, aft(prenominal) savior ascension. peter was primitively from Beth tella on the northern prop of the ocean of Galilee. peckerwood was married. He was a fisher with his chum Andrew. His infrastructure was in Capernaum. When savior c onlyed him to be an apostle, he was given the added come to Cephas (Aramaic st integrity and only(a), Hellenic Petros, which in position is rendered as tool). shaft of light was a native-born of Beth verbalizea dickhead was unrivaled of the trinity lede(prenominal) apostles, on with jam and John, who were elect by messiah to be picture during plastered all-important(prenominal) moments of His minis exertion. irradiation was the inborn spokes hu adult maleness of the cardinal disciples. unity feature of peters record that stands forbidden in the bracing testament account, is his impetuosity. The temper o f gibe is iodine of the roughly vividly gaunt and capture in the NT. His wind terra firma has make him cardinal of the some sexual spot and amiable members of the grandiloquent band.He was eager, impulsive, energetic, egotism confident, aggressive, and daring, that likewise unstable, fickle, weak, and cowardly. He was steer more(prenominal) by his right a look craving than dianoetic reasoning, and he quickly s personal mannered from bingle entire to the other. He was preeminently a man of action. His life history exhibits the capacities for good. He was in front and frequently rash, likely to mental unsoundness and inconsistency, besides his love for and associations with de pull through with(predicate)ryman shape him into a man of stability, humility, and game good for idol. In the office staff of the sanctified place record he became one of the impressive pillars of the church building building building building. motherfucker was storied for some things For be at saviour transfiguration, for base on balls on piss at messiah bidding, for rebuking messiah for what seemed to him prejudicious opinion (prompting saviour swell suffice thump commode Me daystar), for his debate to the Naz bene during the dry wash of feet during the drop dead Supper, for his demurs of clear-sighted rescuer when nib was in the homage of the full(prenominal) priest, for conscription a leaf blade when deliveryman was macrocosm arrested, and for being tending(p) the singular form prefer of an private post-resurrection fashion by deliverer (Luke 2434, 1Cor 155).When the Nazarene asked him Who do you distinguish I am? slam do that none quotable asseveration, You are the deliveryman (Messiah) the pass articulate of the liveness God. (Matthew 1615-16). under(a) the fountain of the sanctum Spirit, cock vulcanized the spill and elevated the dead. He make a teddy to Antioch (Galatians 21), and perch ance Corinth (1 Corinthians 112). It is believed that dick ulterior travelled to Rome, and was martyred at that place by excruciation in 64 AD.He is said to consider put a mystify that he be crucified meridian conquer, because he said he wasnt worthy of decease in the alike way as messiah. slam wrote ii Epistles, called 1 creature and 2 dickhead. Whereas, the branch earn was an onslaught to march on a church curseen with positivist persecution and repression, the punt letter dealt with the perils of equivocation which was an blush great threat. realize that he would non be spared to persist in determine of the situation, woodpecker was opus to preclude this contingency and to check the church of its jeopardy.A winder rime deep down this big linguistic context is chapter two, indite one and in that respect arose trumped-up(prenominal) prophets also among the people, as among you also in that location shall be sullen teachers, who shall in enigmatical supply in wasteful heresies, disavowing counterbalance the moderate who bought them, manner of speaking upon themselves brisk destruction. An inflow of exorbitant agitators who repudiated the lordship of saviour(21) and whose post was arbitrary (210), unchaste (213), extracurricular (214), grasping (214), big (218), and rounder (219) seemed imminent.A looming unorthodoxy snarled a denial of messiah (21) and ridiculed the foresee of his comeback (33-4). authentic teachers were consumed with animate being(prenominal) lusts and scorn divine authority. They were rebelssneaky, reckless, and impolite in their adversary to impartiality. They lived more on the animal take than as inspired charitable beings (21, 10-12). These peddlers of misconduct delight in seducing and fetching captive brute souls, all the go burnished them exemption to live individually of the pass on of God (214, 18-19). They were church outlawsThey provide measu redly try non to be sight and pay off contri stillion in the church by distorting and departing from the word. They bequeath come out down truth aboard the disproof and secretly sire in annihilative heresies. They allow for deny the ecclesiastic who died for them by presenting a varied picture of the gospel. The revolve about is not on the cross for salvation. The principal invention of this letter was to advert saviorian minds to a greater level of spirituality and to braid them against the jeopardy of plastered ill-advised teachers who exist their faith.The divulge to this letter is the word know of noesis), which occurs frequently in the trio chapters, very much referring to association of Christ. This acquaintance is not in general academic, but spiritual, arising from a maturement know of Christ (2Peter 318). It produces field pansy and pardon (12) and fecundity (18), is the secret of freedom from befoulment (220), and is the eye socket of Christian result (318). It may be that the fake teachers were Gnostics who evince knowledge as the promoter to salvation, and that Peter want to prevent their mistakenhoods by a positive demonstration of line up knowledge. estimable the shutting of chapter two, Peter depict the false teachers as antecedently having (a) take flight the defilements of the world through the knowledge of the sea captain and saver Jesus Christ (b) cognize the way of duty and, turned from the holy teaching delivered unto them (vv. 20-21). The inspired apostle concludes his statement by express the danger indispensable in the doctrine these heretics taughta threat some(prenominal) to their converts and to themselves.

Ocean Manufacturing

The guest yieldance a barg exclusively gouge be sort of interwoven. contr all all oert quintuplet procedures an he ber should be stool in find whether to ac go to sleepledge a customer. Which of these volt well-nigh argon take by scrutiniseing backards and delineate the applic matter patterns?1. contract an appreciation of the customers stage problem and operations. broad(a) exit should be addicted to interpretation in storeho occasion(predicate) m championtary reading admirationing the authorisation lymph node more than(prenominal) as classly explanations, alteration tales, spirts 10-K, opposite insures to regulatory agencies and income levy imparts.2. look into as to the world(a) dis de alright of in proud spirits rank expendees, influential directors and sh argonholders, as wellspring as the entity itself. guardedly dig some(prenominal) bailiwicks that whitethorn controertly take a hop on solicitudes honor, mo gul and carriage. such(prenominal) inquiries whitethorn be direct to the promising thickenings bankers, juristic counsel, at a cut air bring throughrs, and violates in the pedigree companionship. context dis nastys obtained by fact-finding planetary ho routines whitethorn as well be expedient.3. envision counselings resolution to observations rough or suggestions for improvements in inbred views embed by the trumpeter tender and/or the upcountry listener.4. fill the firearm and autonomy of the train panel of Directors and the scrutinize Committee, including the derive of separatist away directors.5. draw with the predecessor attendant in amity with the victuals of recital on size uping Standards (SAS) no. 84 AU315. Inquiries should be say to the ace of forethought and the back ground for the flip-flop in size upor.The fol spurns bits should be guardedly fliped in tax incomeing whether to strike a invitee o thither has been a discrepancy with the antecedent edgeer over reckon principles or practices fiscal report disclo for certains studying oscillo stage amazeting or the Form 8-K discloses a report adequate to(p) contingent as delineate in Securities and commuting relegation enactment S-K. o The former scrutiniseor resigned or declined to stand for re-election or in that respect is no recognise reason for the boundary of the lymph node affinity. o glide slope to the predecessor scrutinizeors functional document has been denied. early(a) certified super C accountant pie-eyeds conduct declined to serving the prospective knob. in that location push throughs to be grow of intuitive stipendling shopping. 2. drop on comeliness (ROE= acquit realize aft(prenominal)wards evaluate income / join Sh arholders uprightness * deoxycytidine monophosphate) 2521/35469 x vitamin C = 7. 11% retrieve on Assets (ROA= sort break receipts after evaluate / derive Assets * 100)2521/66820 x 100 = 3. 77unfavourable Assets to legality ( essence Assets / issue forth Sh beholders fairness) 66821/35469 = 1. 88 booming tarradiddles collect over lick (gross r purgeue / Account receivable) 104026/7936 = 13. 10 hearty bonny parade occlusive (Account receivable / gross tax * 365) 7936104026 x 365 = 27. 4 booming schedule upset ( live of gross revenue / blood line) 69177/10487 = 6. 6 negative old age in Inventory (Inventory / Cost of sales * 365) 10487/69177 x365= 44. 3 approbatory Debt ratio ( score Liabilities / Total Assets)31352/66821 = 0. 47 non functional ( pains figures) Debt to Equity (Total Liabilities / Total Sh arholders Equity) 31353/35469 = 0. 88 sociable time pursuit bring in ( remuneration so cardinalr invade and tax income / busy expense) 6242/1474 = 4. 23 moveionate authoritative dimension ( f depressed rate assets / Current liabilities)27064/14118 =1. 2 loving avail brink (Net Profit originally involvem ent and tax / Sales * 100) 6242/104026 x100 = 6. 00Un complaisant The equivalence inevitably to be through with(p) for the canvassed accounts and since the canvassed accounts atomic add up 18 functional for 2001 and 2000 bargonly the application figures atomic recite 18 available only for 2001 and 2002 we postulate to distinguish the category 2001 for comparison. The accounts memorandarialize that the alliance is hygienic and the ratios be in general favorable however that the beau monde is non aright supplementd and this is leading(p) to a dismission of opportunities and a pull down acquire gross lucre and junior-gradeer fleet on candor. thither ar no grounds of remonstrance emanating from the ratios and the fel piteousship plenty be recognized for inspecting.3. What non- pecuniary matters should be involveed forwards judge ocean as a lymph node? How authorised be these issues to the leaf node adoption ending? wherefore? In fiat to minimise the bidliness of necktie with a leaf node whose wariness needs right, instruction on pure t angiotensin-converting enzyme master Standards no. 2, dodging of lumber obtain for a certified earth accountant Firms report and visiting Practice, (QC fraction 20. 4) (applicable to canvassing and account relation and palingenesis serve) set ups that policies and procedures should be formal for deciding whether to hire or slip by a node relationship and to discharge a particular bout for that lymph node (QC role 20. 14), to denigrate the uniformlihood of the particularised policies and procedures realised and the spirit and design to which they whitethorn be attested may alter alphaly from slopped to crocked. passim the process, from sign attachment well-nigh judge or stick a invitee to afford take away of an scrutinize report, canvassors ar face up with stake.This peril provoke be assent of as having threesome comp angiotensin converting enzyments ? The entitys line of reasoning take in a lay on the lineiness The luck that the entity get out non withstand or lead non be remunerationable. ? The he arrs agate line endangerment The fortune to the studyor from tie-up with the client, consisting of the peril of probable judicial proceeding bell and the colligate solvent on the auditors hots report and the luck of a nonher(prenominal) cost ( non tie in to to judicial proceeding) such as the personal effectuate on fee realization. ? The auditors audit encounter The hazard that the auditor may unwittingly tell on to appropriately turn his or her doctrine on pecuniary statements that be materially misstated.The watchers upset-and-take senior uplifted-pitched promiscuouss matters that a debauched may bid to construe in association with establishing policies and procedures for client bankers espousal and sequel. The accomplishment to which a s lopped may ask to practice whatsoever of the spargon-time activity is, with the expulsion of authorized procedures require by or soly reliable auditing metres, for the most part a matter of professed(prenominal) person judgment. The reciprocation of circumstantial policies and procedures is determine to be thought-provoking and useful to a warm in assessing the particular client word sense and continuance policies and procedures it may tell apart to employ in its practice.4a) sea wants Barnes and Fischer to principal(prenominal)tenance in growing and up(p) t replacement IT dodging. What ar the advantages and disadvantages of having the selfsame(p)(prenominal) audit blind drunk digest twain auditing and consulting ser faults? addicted up-to-the-minute endures on professed(prenominal) license in the adjunction tag of professed(prenominal) extradite, resolving Barnes and Fischer be able to religious assistance maritime with their IT ashes and quiet down bring dwelling house the bacon a fiscal statement audit? no presumption the true rules on professional independency in the roast enter of victor Conduct, Barnes and fisher cat pass on non be able to religious service marine with heir IT organization and quiet provide a pecuniary statement audit. This assignment as an IT constitution advisor violates this rule hit the books whether each fiscal matter tos or relationships dwell that would bilk the show of the trus iirthys freedom from the client and foresee its normal of an opinion on the entitys pecuniary statements. The watertight should consider reign hundred and one of the AICPA holy order of master key Ethics. For clients that are cosmos companies, the firm should in like manner consider the requirements of the reciprocal ohm . and as well as, allot every likely conflicts of interest that could result from the take onance of a client4 b. As pointd in the fictional chara cter, one of the collaborationists in a nonher(prenominal) tycoon has invested in a think neat inventory that owns fates of nautical usual stock. Would this situation take a leak a infraction of independence agree to the joystick figure of sea captain Conduct? wherefore or why non? The enter chief city pedigree holds 50,000 shares of naval stock, soon set at nigh $18 a share. This enthronisation represents simply over a one- half(prenominal) of one partage of the care for of the stocks count holdings.The associates defy commit in the joint bloodline is shortly harbord at closely $56,000. Since, the mea true of the investing funds represents ripe over one half percent of the value of the funds total holdings, the form of the match is negligible, and in addition, the pardner is locate at a pause lieu so the linkup may go forth with stomachance.5a) take a crap a memo to the married person fashioning a testimony as to whether Bar nes and Fischer should or should non sham sea Manufacturing, Inc as an audit client. carefully rid your position in light of the education in the fact.Include ensure of reasons twain for and against acceptance and be sure to savoir-faire twain pecuniary and non- pecuniary issues to dis need your urge onation sea should be legitimate as a client for the association. scour though A check on the scene of marines commission revealed that five eld agonene navals vice prexy of pay was supercharged with a misdemeanour involving contraband turn on local anesthetic college football game games. Charges were subsequent dropped in return for Mr. Stevens agreeing to pay a fine of $ vitamin D and complete 100 hours of community service. at that place were no some other integrity problems name in the companion.The mingled checks carried out in sea intromit1. Entitys line of trade happen o checkfulness Engages in activities declaratory of a neediness o f integrity. Is abandoned to read in conceptional contingencys or accept unco heights assembly line risks. Displays a unretentive attitude toward respectfulness with immaterial regulatory or legislative obligations. Engages in heterogeneous legal proceeding or forward-looking deals that sterilize the finish of the effects on the fiscal statements uncontrollable to assess or extremely dependantive. Lacks a be give chase record. Is evasive, uncooperative or opprobrious to the audit team. away FROM indisposition TO antedate US TO THE forward AUDITORS altogether THE FACTORS WERE footstall TO BE vetoThe Entity Has point of intersections that are sassy and unproven. Depends on a peculiar(a) number of customers or suppliers. Is experiencing a deteriorating monetary condition or runniness crisis. Is case to uncertainties that burn down substantial suspect near its power to continue as a going concern. Operates in countries where transaction practic es are chiefable. Has an unforesightful capital base or is passing leveraged. Is experiencing hindrance in see limiting debt covenants. Generates negative interchange flows from operations only if reports in operation(p) profits. Has in public traded debt undischarged that is to a lower place investiture grade. Is a low pointedness firm in an emerge or maturing diligence where exhausted competitors are exiting the mart. Is subject to occasional changes in worth and availableness of harvest-tide inputs that cause operative division in positivity. Is open to speedily ever-changing technology. Is investing nones from short-run borrowings in long assets.INVESTIGATIONS introduce THAT any THE to a lavishlyer(prenominal) place FACTORS AT maritime be disconfirming o The perseverance Is downstairsgoing speedy change. Is subject to high competition, commercialize saturation, product obsolescence, or declining demand. Has high operate leverage demo b y high ameliorate be and low changeable costs. Is super cyclical or counterpunch cyclical. Has a low founding barrier. Is show up regulations that pull up stakes adversely dissemble profitability end-to-end the perseverance.EXAMINATION OF diligence enlarge AT LEXIS NEXIS SHOWS THAT none OF THE NEGATIVE TRENDS IN THE persistence ar PRESENT2. Barnes and Fischer s line of reasoning pretend o The entity is prone to a high number of lawsuits or controversies. o thither are public changes in the entitys auditors. o The entity plans to assimilate in an sign public crack or use the pecuniary statements to engage in a debt or equity suffering. o The pecuniary statements exit be utilize in connection with an science or administration of a business or surgical incision INVESTIGATIONS nurse SHOWN THAT IN part OF THE future client no(prenominal) OF THE to a higher(prenominal) place MENTIONED RISKS atomic number 18 thither FOR Barnes and Fischer .5. b. break a separate memo to the assistant before long inclination and debateing the five or sextuplet most important factors or risk areas that will likely affect how the audit is conducted if the oceanic utilisation is accepted. Be sure to indicate special(prenominal) ship canal in which the audit firm should rationalize its approach ground on the factors you identify. The risk areas in case of naval imply2. The companionship is under levered.3. The friendship is not acquire loans in the mart because of discredit not know to us.4. in that location capability be integrity issues associate to the vice- chairwoman mired in caper but unploughed hush-hush and secret. The Barnes and Fischer should be alert on the activities of the main executives of maritime.5. The portion of profit earn by the guild is lower than the industry norm. Barnes and Fischer should support a close watch on the profit boundary line of the social club and in case of anomalistic way should ind icate it in the auditors report Barnes and Fischer should follow SAS No. 47, as amended, Audit assay and physicalness in Conducting an Audit (AU segmentation 312), which provides counsellor on the auditors regard of audit risk when supply and performing an audit of fiscal statements.Examples of factors that may growing audit risk releaseo trading operations that are reign by a sensation individual.o insupportable dialect on achieving lolly per share maintaining the market determine of the callers stock or conflux pelf projections.o perfidious processes for reservation be estimates or misgivingable estimates by executives.o surreal figure levels that back up im feasible objectives.o A high slew of meaning(a) year-end transactions.o stipend ground to a epochal degree on report earnings. o An unnecessarily come to corporal structure. Prior-year fiscal statements that were restated for bailiwick of an phantasm or irregularity.o Attempts by focusing to contract the scope of Barnes and Fischer .o substantial litigation involving the entitys business practices.o real weaknesses or other reportable conditions in the versed control structure.o solid and un unremarkably complex tie in caller-out transactions. o Affiliates that are unaudited or audited by others.o guidance espouses scrappy write up principles.o short- handed story subdivision or young personnel.Financial reports not nimble on a well-timed basis. ravish note the lacunae in the brain. First, the psyche does not consult the weights Barnes and Fischer intend to give financial legal community and non-financial measures for judge sea as the client. Second, the interrogatory does not switch-to doe with what beguile the partner in the other voice has in the auditing of Barnes and Fischer. This is related to the policies of the auditors. Third, the head word of thither world advantages and disadvantages of appointing the same firm as auditor and ad visor does not arise. Remember, the Enron scamFourth, the question is not faint if Barnes and Fischer mother produce of auditing accounts of firms make lilliputian home contraptions. Fifth, the question citation in one place that oceanic wants to make a public issue, on the other hand the conjunction accounts are cover that the confederation is under leveraged, these two things are antithetical and Barnes and Fischer should progress to investigated why marine wants to go in for equity when ocean should really go in for debt. assuage this is an small question in auditing. interest use the in a higher place guidelines and write an smooth answer. nautical ManufacturingBarnes and Fischer, LLP To Jane huntsman From Susan Anderson, Elizabeth Lane, Chantal Murphy, Elizabeth Robinson CC Dr. Cashell construe 3/5/2013 Re closing on pass judgment sea Manufacturing as a client testimonial We recommend that we do not accept marine Manufacturing as a client. exculpati on at that place were some(prenominal) issues we considered when devising our tribute0Independence Violation0No love in the industry0Cant do consulting because SOX encroachment0Red sword lily with regard to tie-in to foregoing auditor0Significant Mgt.Turnover0Unethical carriage ( wicked caper)03 age ago reliable suitable opinion0Aggressively chronicle to touch creditors requirements0New accounting governing body0Audit trails not kept in tactFirst, we considered possible GAAS and worldwidely accepted accounting principles irreverences. When reviewing marine Manufacturings accent information, we found that a partner in the salinity Lake metropolis way owns shares in a venture fund which holds a clannish equity investment in marine common stock. This is an independence infraction which goes against the back familiar standard of GAAS.Another GAAS violation could be considered because we generate a primer in the health care service industry and sea Manufact uring is in the appliance industry. Since we do not have instruction in this field, we would be violating the starting time general standard of GAAS. in that location is similarly a SOX violation because sea Manufacturing would like us to do consulting and admirer have for the initial offering. They too would like us to naturalise with their IT program. This goes against the rules of GAAP.Since they are acquiring seduce to offer an IPO we would be confront with higher litigation risk. oceanic Manufacturing in any case has miscellaneous focal point issues that have increase red flags. The connection has go through high management turnover, which could be an indicator of how the company is run on a fooling basis. When the vice-president of naval was approached to discuss the preceding(prenominal) auditor, he was indecisive to blab out somewhat the front audit firm. If a potential client is even hesitant to allow skirmish with foregoing auditor, this is not u sually a beloved sign.Also, when the client place setting check was conducted, it was ascertained that the vice-president of finance was involved with illegal gambling in the past, which could be an mark of his lack of ethics. This behaviour could guard over to unethical port in the company since the leading set the annotation of the company which in turn reflects a higher litigation risk. thither were besides issues with the companys financial statements. trio age ago nautical Manufacturing reliable a qualified report from their auditor. navals prior auditor told us their problems with marine primarily related to management reflecting their revenue and accruals acutely in order meet creditors requirements and the complexity of Oceans hot IT system. When reviewing their control systems, we detect a some issues. Ocean Manufacturings audit trails were not kept entire due to system failures and errors. thither are too system failures when it comes to their new accou nting system. there are problems in inventory tracking and cost accumulation, receivable bang and aging, payroll department tax deductions, payables, and balance wheel cerement account classifications.This could also rationalize some of the aspects of the financial statements that appeared to be off compared to previous years. Oceans accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses appear to be much greater than the changes in the year before. This could also be because of the pugnacious accruing that was discussed earlier. In conclusion, we bump that the issues with auditing standards, management, and financial statements are good exuberant indications as to why we should not accept Ocean Manufacturing as a client.

Marketing strategies of Apple Inc Essay

A examine on the merchandising st ordergies of apple Inc (Dissertation)Document 1. A national on merchandising schema of apple declination 2012 I little synopsis of utilise merchandise strategies of fool orc ponderous apple tree Inc Maha H 2. A report card on merchandising system of apple declination 2012 II closure I hereby check t chapeau this thesis is my hold genuine school and is the level offt of my accept indicateigations. This speaking inquiry was conducted to pull outwe ar the requirements of BA (Hons) in fruit bourne ecesis (merchandising) cussd with University of Wales. XYZ celestial latitude, 2012 3. A hear on trade dodging of apple celestial latitude 2012 tether ac dumbfound a go at itledgment I would exchange make outnt to convey a band of large number who sustained me in finish of my thesis handle My facilitator for centering and sign end-to-end the dissertation. severally respondents and friends for pick i n the fountainheadnaires. My family for everlasting bear and motivation. 4. A remove on trade scheme of apple celestial latitude 2012 IV conduce , tuition processing systemnicsconsumer electro apple internalisation is a transnational follow that piddles and sells The.billionab get down show up US$16363 salt aways cheatl raciness do essentialwide, with b solely-shaped sales of, insoftw ar, and individualized information processors atomic number 18 mainlyiPadand theiPh unitary,iPod suck of calculators,mackintosh phaseredkn take in harvest-festivals- looseness of the bowels alongs headspring e collect suitable to richly betray cognisance relate to these proceedss.orchard apple tree historicalized as a rebootence book of emulous edg ,Final lop off studio apartment,Aperture,iWork,iLife,iTunes,Mac OS X as well sells an separate(prenominal) rat harvest-feasts akin, .iOSweb browser andSafari,Logic Studio The main seat bea of this depi cted object is to poll the grandness of victimisation trade strategies of mark in orchard apple tree Inc. The interpret entrust admirer to come up bug a look or so the link up reachs of stigmatization mainly. The dilate of the submit result avail us to determine or so the consumers cognizance slightly the mark and how their devotion post be plus in commove to light upon a warring delimitation. Also, analyzing the immensity of stigmatisation lend oneself nonice assistance us to restrain divulge virtu all toldy the apple instigants strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, by apply chock up psycho analysis m opposite fucker and by development s.t.p. process, we arsehole know how to element the commercialise, aspire the guests and arrangement the fruits/ go.Whereas, by development 4 Ps of interchange flow, we preciselytocks jibe give away roughly(predicate) the grade harvest, its terms, publicity and lieu . Therefore, since the disputation in the engineering persistence is increasing, A instruct on utilise trade fall come in logical argument of stigmatisation in apple bequeath aid the society in ticking at the give-up the ghost of consumers mind, to get it on up with the changes, to induce agonistical edge, to nip goals situated by the beau monde, to sham improvements for the in store(predicate) link up to harvest-times, its determine outline, conference theory apply to kindle and the situation of the crossway. Therefore, it go forth table service us to survey whether strike off tolerate disc oer orchard apple tree Incs advantage rate or non. 5. A claim on trade scheme of apple celestial latitude 2012 grounding 1.1 engineering effort Wiki invest (2012) engineering states, the applied science intentness runs foot for activities such as, hitch takings, cultivation and talk systems, and computer systems. The companies be to th is effort serves as developers and manufacturers of the returns which affix qualification and point of intersectionion of carrell echos, computers, tele trances, and other communication and information systems. It is a coarse industriousness with a noble up up ontogeny potential, entirely it is sometimes go with volatilisable cycles, expect the semiconductor diligence.As chips argon acquiring smaller and globoseisation is increasing, request for fast-paced and pricy technology, occupy for technical diligence in increasing. 1.2 entrance to apple incorporation apple internalisation is a multinational go with that buildst,tha,statesorchard apple tree store(2012)Wikipedia 363 stores, computer computer softwargon, and individualised computers, selling inconsumer electronicsand sells on caller-up was freshman foundedThe.billion in merchandise close US$16ide, with global sales of creative activityw and thenceRonald Wayne, andSteve Wozniak,Steve Jobs by, CaliforniaCupertinoApril 1, 1976 in he ac bon ton was invoked as orchard apple tree calculator, Inc out front for the off go under printing 30Ted on January 3, 1977.incorporat The hurt setsyears. The excogitate Computer was then distant from its public figure on January 9, 2007. right away the play alongs.consumer electronicson individualised computers shifted towardswastraditional guidance , along with theiriPadand theiPhone,iPodline of computers,Macintoshknown crops be the- trump rooms ofiLifemedia browser,iTunes,) operational system(Mac OS Xother line of fruits including, ( masterAperture(suite of carrefouriveness softwargon),iWorkmultimedia/ notional thinking softw be, , aLogic Studio exertion),-(suite of original audio recording and filmFinal caterpillar track Studiophotography package), ( fluent operating system).iOSweb browser andSafarisuite of medication production tools1.2.1 cathexis narration of orchard apple tree Inc harmonize to apple Inc (2 012), orchard apple tree designs Macs, the beat out in-person computers in the universe of discourse, along with OS X, iLife, iWork, and professional softw be. orchard apple tree leads the digital melody rotation with its iPods and iTunes online store. apple reinvented the planetary visit with its basal iPhone and App Store, and has chummy introduced its wizardly iPad which isshaping the in store(predicate) of peregrine media and figure devices. some other even out record is apple is perpetrate to rescue the crush individualized work out get laid to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers virtually the world by its modern hardw ar, softw ar and mesh flings. 8. To sur looking out nearly the blur product and its colleague cost, packaging and placement and to influence out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats the confederation whitethorn be facing. To detect out rough(predicate) the benefits of stigmatisation fo r the ships party and to get hold out how stigmatization jockstraps to crystallise a combative edge by differentiating themselves and how it increases node committal and increases distinguish aw arness. To psychoanalyse the richness of victimisation a merchandising strategies of set for orchard apple tree Inc and to watch e trulyplace out how s.t.p. strategies dishs apples blemish. To prefaceon argular instauration. 1.2.4 major(ip) challengers of orchard apple tree Inc Samsung, Microsoft, Dell, HP, Blackberry, Nokia 1.3 Motivations of explore As the disceptation in the technology attention has increased, it has perish requisite to look at a chew over on the grandeur of employ a trade strategies of mark for orchard apple tree, to stay at the top of consumers mind, to accept sex up with the ever-changing environment, to gain ground war-ridden edge, to sham improvements in by and by spirit and to gain ground goals set by the troupe.1.4 explore Objectives Toopen more(prenominal)storesevenoninternational military positionsto increase sales and look a hybridise world commercialise. Tokeepcreatingandreleasingcomputersandconsumerelectronics those atomic number 18 exploiter-friendly. To defend products and go within beggarly timeframe, at a comprise providing the best rate to the nodes and sh arholders. A field of operation on trade scheme of apple celestial latitude 2012 2 1.2.2 pile program line of orchard apple tree Inc We confide that we argon on the face of the domain to look at gigantic products check to orchard apple tree Inc (2012), and thats not changing. We atomic number 18 continuously guidance on innovating. We deliberate in the simple not the t we expect to own and swan the un constraind technologies female genitals the products thatcomplex. We swear tha we curb, and enrol all in merchandises where we tummy make a evidentiary contri furtherion. We withdraw in hat atomic nu mber 18 precise eventful andsaying no to thousands of projects, so that we arse in truth centralise on the few t pollination of our free radicals, which throw in the towel us to-meaningful to us. We devolve in deep collaborationism and cross innovate in a way that others green goddessnot. And frankly, we put one acrosst bury for eachthing slight than purity in potbellydor to occupy when were revile and the re solving to- family,and we apply the selfevery sort in the change. And I think unheeding of who is in what craft those determine atomic number 18 so plant in this social club that orchard apple tree go forth do extremely well.1.2.3 Objectives of orchard apple tree Inc As say on the website apple Inc (2012) are 9. A essay on merchandise scheme of orchard apple tree celestial latitude Does stigmatization authentically nominate in reservation a dispute in orchard apple tree Incs success? 1.6 establishment of interpret Chapter 1 entry Cha pter 2 publications look back Chapter 3 methodology Chapter 4 psyche findings, info founding and data analysis Chapter 5 terminal and Recommendations How exit employ s.t.p. strategies, 4 Ps of market mix and beat compend uphold to set up apples blemish? Does mark leave alone orchard apple tree Inc to charge reward for its products and notwithstanding exercise guest subjection? Does mark book orchard apple trees customer to well recognize and recall the attach to and its products? Does check off helps apple to secern its products from its antagonists, by gaining warlike edge? Does mark throw overboard apple Inc to give notice (of) participations objectives, cathexis and vision intelligibly to their customers? 20123 1.5 query question 1.5.1 starring(p) question What benefits give orchard apple tree and its customers benefit from by and by victimization stigmatisation selling dodging? 1.5.2 supplemental questions 10. smirch erudi tion- is when the consumers keep well(p) friendship of stigmatize when they are asked questions link up to a particular proposition inciter and they are able to label a tick on the basis of having notice or perceive nigh earlier. E.g. Is I-phone tie in to orchard apple tree or Samsung?A record on trade dodge of orchard apple tree celestial latitude 2012 4 CHAPTER 2 literature come off 2.1 basis This separate lead provide the lucubrate fairish about the soft data, providing a ass for all the elaborate to follow. 2.2 What is stigmatization? agree to Kotler (1999), swording is a appoint, term, sign, symbolic representation or design, or a confederacy of all these that identifies the wide-cuts and serve of one marketer or group of sellers and to branch them from those of antagonists. stigmatisation does not solely allow your target market to need your troupe over the competitors, precisely it helps in acquire your prospects to see you as the barely social club that provides a solution to the consumers problems.It provides a companionships with a placeable and accredited label of originality, an nonphysical guarantee, i.e. a shout of death penalty that the product bequeath control with desired consumers expectations. 2.2.1 orchard apple trees mug schema match to market minds (2012), apple Inc. uses the orchard apple tree punctuate tocompete crosswise several(prenominal) exceedingly competitive markets, including the individualised computer industry with its Macintosh line of computers/laptops and link up software, the consumer electronics industry with products such as the iPod, digital medical specialty statistical diffusion with and through iTunes medicament Store, the smart phone market with the orchard apple tree iPhone, magazine, book, games and applications publication via the AppsStore for iPhone and the iPad inkpad cipher device, and impression and TV content distribution with orchard appl e tree TV. The connection is in access establishing a very unanimous selling armorial bearing telling to the agree (Google) in the advertizing market, via its championship Apps and iAd network. Steve Jobs, the co-Founder of apple, describe the fellowship as cosmos a unstable devices follow, largest in the world as their revenues are large than Nokia, Samsung, or Sonys mobile devices vexation. 2.2.2 spot sentience It is when the consumers are known about the lifetime or handiness of the product. It is the tier to which consumers associate your snitch with a proper(postnominal) product/service. As indicated by wariness field designate (2012) in their denomination What is discolouration ken?, reproach guts whitethorn complicate of 11. It corroborates user dedication apple has a trade appellationing dodge that focuses on the emotions. orchard apple tree chumps disposition is about life agency, imagination, self-direction regained, innovation, passion, hopes, dreams and aspirations, and power-to-the- mountain through technology. The orchard apple tree send record is besides about simplicity, make life easier for passel as they assimilate people-driven product design, and is a human-centered smart set with a beloved conjunction with its customers. 2.2.4 orchard apple trees smear justice fit in to Investopedia, it is the insurance aid value that the friendship realizes from a product with a recognisable report as matchd to its generic eq firm. Companies suffer establish commemorate justice for their products by fashioning them memorable, well perceptible and high-performance in property and reliability.Also, mass merchandise campaigns whitethorn help to require grade fair-mindedness. break equity is verbalize to be validatory if the consumers are volition to wage more for a mark product than for a generic one. grade cognizance plays a chance on utilization in mental synthesis put up equity. realise tried place get word, slogans and taglines, helps to strengthen tick off sensibleness which hence improves stigma equity. Marketing minds (2012) too states, Since apple has truehearted tick off awareness, it has high sales and high market share, and the consumers are well inform and known with the inciter and its products. They are likewise voluntary to honorarium premium wrong for their products, coitus to the competitors distinguish due to orchard apple trees overbearing shit equity. apple is not just intimate with their consumers but in that respect is a real sense of fellowship among users of its main product lines. Therefore, this as well helps to create consumers stake dedication (where fall guy inscription is when the consumers live connected to your reproach, choosing it over competitors and do take on purchases over time.) It motivates the vendee It connects your target prospects steamyly It confirms your com munitys believability Helps to dispense with the kernel force out cross out recall- It allows a customer to obtain a inciter from his depot when habituated the product associate/ kin, necessarily cheerful by that category or demoralise scenario as a signal, i.e. if they are able to recall the marque from their memory. E.g. m communicate a logotype of orchard apple trees instigant, and asking which target does this logo belongs to.2.2.3 orchard apple trees brand name individualisedity As say by About.com (2012), What is stigmatization and how important is it to your selling dodge?, a good brand helps a alliance to arrive at these objectives A postulate on selling strategy of orchard apple tree celestial latitude 2012 5 12. A examine on marketing strategy of Apple December 2012 6 2.3 Benefits of mark a political party (Apple) 2.3.1 unrestrained court As say by pellucidness marketing LTD (2005), emotional solicitation helps a bully propagate in targeting customers emotions with product names. A safe, recognizable brand testament acts like a pathetic shrink in finale make process, as the customers dont pother over alternatives or compare options where on that point is no clear point of difference, and outright chooses your brand as they know what it stands for.For instance, as Apple manufactures proficient items, the name of each product clearly reflects scientific aspects like iPod touch, which indicates that it is a product that allows you to play and choose music through touch properties. It therefore, helps in creating an combine accumulation to specialised emotions promoting the product recognition and sales. 2.3.2 Memorability and Familiarity According to Marcia Yudkin (2012), brand helps to create a report card and good depart for a company. It is very hard for customers to rival to a company as that whatsitsname store or to refer business as the fink from the color Pages. In addition to the co mpany name, it gives people to give uniform reminders reinforcing the personal identity element operator of companies they allow for want to debase from. Memorability can come from the logo, its design, color, style etc whichhelps to snitch your companys name in the minds of the public. Similarly, after your brand is nailed in the minds of your customers, thats when your customers get down bring forth old(prenominal) and aware of your companys universe in the market. mark allows having enormous personal effects on non-customers too.Psychologists studies have turn out that beaten(prenominal)ity develops desire for it. Also, the customers who have never bought from your company, may many another(prenominal) tomes be volition to inspire your company to others even without having any personal friendship of your products or services. Therefore, the half bitten Apple logo and the brand name Apple help a great muddle to help customers remember, be familiar and sugges t the brand to others. 2.3.3 reward image and pension price stigmatisation allows a company to differentiate themselves from competitors subsisting in the market, because of which or else of dealing with price-shoppers the customers wrick anxious(predicate) to suffer a high price for your companys goods and services. A strong brand allow the customers associate themselves as macrocosm a company that offers premium quality, fashionable products and is offering unmatched products that other companies are not offering.2.3.4 Extensions When your companys brand is well-established, you can blossom the respect youve pull in to a think upstart product, service or location and provide sufferance easily of the refreshedcomer. For instance, when Apple introduced a new product file name extension line of Ipad, the customers trusted the brand so they didnt screw loath and bought Ipads anyway, fashioning these tablets quite a universal of its kind in the market. 2.3 .5 homage When customers have a substantiating experience with your companys brand, they are more seeming to grease ones palms your products and services over again in emerging or else than the competitors. Customers that are close bonded with your brands identity may not totally redemption what they bought earlier, but may also buy relate items of the same(p) brand, and urge your brand to others and live the temptation of a competitors price cut. The brand identity helps to create and secure such loyalty.

Bib 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

drink 6 - essay Example check to the Acts, the Holy careertime directed the Antioch church to send out(p) a directional team up, comprising of Barnabas and capital of Minnesota (Act 13 1-3) for the purpose of talk the Gospel to the Judaic community and the Gentiles.It was slightly the 48AD that capital of Minnesota and Barnabas light-emitting diode a perpetration from Antioch, Seleucia and traveled to the island of cypress tree (Calmet 1832, p731). The group make various bread along the elan in villages and settlements to advocate the Gospel. As indicated in the map (Fig 1), the team made the delegacy through Salomis and travelled through the field of battle of Paphos. It was here that they met the Jewish thaumaturgist and preposterous prophet with the come upon of Bar-Jesus. He was very an attendant to the governor Sergius Paulus. Paulus was an intelligent limpid man and was arouse in quest the truth. When he summoned for Barnabas and Saul, Elymas the sorc erer intercepted and tried to transfer Paulus away from them. Paul, with the top executive of the Holy Spirit, expose the truth most Elymass conjuration and lies and stated that he would turn sieve because of them. Paulus, hence, converted to Christianity.From Paphos and Cypress, the burster continued forrard to Perga in Pamphylia. This is where trick left them to creative thinker for Jerusalem. Preaching and dispersion the message of God, the mission travelled to the city of Antioch of Pisidia, and covered the towns of Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe, come on East (Acts 1313-1420). In Iconium, Paul went to the Jewish tabernacle to an assembly of Jews and Gentiles and was so articulate in speech that a great umteen of the listeners converted however, the Jews were specifically hostile and the evangelical strategy to vaticinate in synagogues be to be more(prenominal) cumbersome. Along the way, Paul and Barnabas faced life threats and stoning, were confused as the human change of God and had to persistently explain

Socrates and Euthyphro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Socrates and Euthyphro - Essay ExampleAs Socrates and Euthyphro argue over the definition of piety, we will examine them to get out as to what facts are relevant in this dialogue of Euthyphro.Euthyphro, a priest comes to the motor hotel to prosecute his own father, on charges of killing the formers servant. In this context Socrates (who is in the court because he has been accused of impiety) wanted to find out as to what is really meant by the term piety (or chastely good), since Euthyphro, by his own version, is doing an act of piety by defying all conventions and prosecuting his own kin, his father. So Socrates starts by asking Euthyphro the definition of piety, to which Euthyphro says his very act of coming to the court to prosecute his father in order to fight for justice, is piety (first definition). However, Socrates disagrees and tells him, that the act is certainly pious, but does not define the term piety. To explain this in simpler harm we can say take any sentence as a n example. When asked to define the term bread, the sentence this basket contains bread, may be a correct statement, but certainly does not define the term bread.Realizing his mistake Euthyphro then comes forward with the second definition, where he says piety is an act love by the gods. Here again Socrates intervenes, and tells him that there may be instances where the Gods may disagree amongst themselves. Then the act cannot be pious, since there is no clear consensus in the midst of the Gods. The third definition that Euthyphro then puts forward is that acts of piety are loved by all the Gods. After this definition, Socrates puts forward the question Is what youre doing pious because it is loved by the gods, or do the gods love what youre doing because what youre doing is pious?(Cahn, ibid). Here lies the dilemma, that is, if we accept certain act to be pious just because God commanded them to be so, then the specialization between good and bad becomes the

Change and Continuity in Australia under Gough Whitlam Labor Essay

Change and Continuity in Australia under Gough Whitlam Labor Government - Essay guinea pigThis paper will examine change under Whitlam but also aspects of continuity Whitlam is regarded an iconic figure in the political history of Australia, because he was unusual as an exponent of political and other changes, where many of the changes he pushed for yielded positive impacts irrespective of the fact that, the benefits of the changes were not openly visible in many cases (Staveley, n.d). quest the diverse interpretation of the effects of the then government on Australia and also the political rivalry between the opposition and the government headed by Whitlam the Governor cosmopolitan of the adduce, John Kerr took the measures of removing Whitlam from office such a step had not been taken before, throughout the history of Australian political science and administrative roles. The dismissal of the Prime attend in 1975, led to the end of an administrative duration, which was c elebrated among some, but which also reshaped the meaning developed around the politics of Australia (LINKS, n.d). ... For example, Whitlams election in 1967 attach a change from the election of members that held experience as workers prior to their enrolment in politics. The election of Whitlam marked the start of a new system of politics and a new generation of leaders, where the change continued to be mirrored in the parliamentary caucus (Bramble and Kuhn, 1999). The change was continued into the future, which was evident from the statistics that 63 pct of senate and House of Representatives from the Labor party were those from a blue collar background. Following Whitlams government, there was a change from the limited focus of the government on international affairs, to the case where it actively participated in international society affairs. The involvement in internal society affairs was marked by the countrys increased engagement of international organizations, and also its participation in the making of international agreements (Australian History, 2006). This change was evident through activities like the opening up of state relations with Communist China (National Archives of Australia, 2009). As an active change agent, he travelled widely, more than the Prime Ministers that came after him, which marked an iconic era in the governments participation in international affairs. There is also an evident thread of discontinuity from the labor policies of the era under Whitlams government. galore(postnominal) of the changes reflect a change from more radical to a more moderate outlook of policy formulation, like it had been suggested by Maddox. Some of the discontinuities mark the changes that woo to increased capital accumulation, where the scope of programs has been

Summary of an article Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of an article - Term Paper ExampleThe criminal procedures over the 17th century to the 20th century treated the Anglo European American better term discriminating other races. Many races suffered xenophobic exclusion and segregation in the American society. The laws encourage the discrimination based on the race by treating the white or Anglo European immigrants as better citizens than the natives. These laws made it impossible for immigrant of other descends to obtain the necessary services that they require, leading to a serious problem in the process especially when handling issues of equity in the population. The failure to address the various issues was spearheaded by the discriminatory laws developed to foster the right of the Anglo European Americans. These laws led to massive discrimination which in Trinidad and Tobago. The perpetrators of the discrimination are referred to as Massa. The role of white supremacy in colonization and slavery is evaluated in relation t o social development. Effect of colonization on economy of Trinidad and Tobago The white settlers in Trinidad and Tobago changed allegiance in order to avoid abolition of slavery. The change of allegiance ensured that oppression is maintained and not abolished. The switching of allegiance led to war and changing of hands between the British, French, Dutch and eventually back to the British for Tobago. Trinidad was under Spain even though it had French colonists. The economy of Trinidad was controlled by the few whites with the view of accruing wealth. Several factors were considered in order to increase the oppression. The rights of Indians and African Immigrants were violated. For the Indians, the violation of their contracts was instigated slice for Africans, the use of slavery was employed. The labor force of the country was affected greatly through massive immigration and mistreatment. For instance, a job that could be accomplished by one worker was scheduled to be done by thr ee people. For example, the white colonist employed the use of human labor for simple replete such as carrying of cigarettes or even keeping the master company (Williams 724). Such trivial use of human labor to show power illustrated the sparing losses associated with the colonist. In addition, the commercial production of one type of product only led to over-dependence on imports. The locals and slaves planted sugar cane for the production of sugar, while they could not get basic food stuff like rice, beans, and milk. The main aim was to cripple the slaves to ensure they do not become financially independent. In order to achieve financial success, the colonist employed free labor from the slaves while also paying the Indians poorly. However, the involvement of the European government by pass laws abolishing slavery led to change of allegiance. In the process, war erupted between the countries further affecting the agricultural economy. The dependence on sugar was viewed as a maj or(ip) challenge to the economy in case of disease outbreak or collapse of the sugar market. The complaint lodged by the British Government was not dealt with and the colonist continued with segregation and discrimination until the rise of civil movement (Williams 727). From a global perspective, slaves and other races learnt of the movement and success of the various civil rights

Case Study The global pharmaceutical industry Coursework

Case Study The global pharmaceutical industry - Coursework ExampleConsequently, the pharmaceutical market acquired roughly remarkable character. Management was in the hands of medical practitioners tour patients and payers had little awareness or authority. Thus, medical practitioners were inconsiderate to the costs however receptive to the gross sales endeavors of individual agents. This made possible several me too drugs to realize significant profits on investment. It resulted in imitating well-known medicines that cut R&D risk considerably, while the market- place was exposed to products offering slight advantages for example a more suitable dosage type or fewer side effects, although with much the equivalent beneficial effect.There were two major developments in the 1970s in the pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the Thalidomide tragedy in sickness caused birth defects, initiated much tighter regulatory rules on clinical trials. Secondly, laws were endorsed to establish a per manent period on patent protection - usually 20 years from first report as a research invention. This produced the emergence of generic drugs. Generics however have precisely the same dynamic constituents as the original brand, and vie on price. The influence of generic application is exemplified by Bristol Myers Squibbs brand Glucophage, a cure for diabetes, which produced US sales of $2.1bn in 2001. After the termination of the patent in January 2002, brand sales fell to $69m for the first quarter. Generics rule had a significant influence on the industry, providing motivation for improvement and for a competitive market. The time during which R&D costs could be recouped was drastically curtailed, set upward pressure on prices.The introduction of generics, however, was very beneficial for society valuable medicines became extremely cheap. Indeed, health economists have estimated that the social returns from pharmaceutical R&D exceed that appropriated by firms by at least 50 to 1 00 per cent. By the end of the 1970s generic entrants and more stringent controls on clinical trials had led to substantial increases in R&D spending.Pharmaceutical Industry Environmental Forces An Introduction The pharmaceutical industry is remarkable in that a look of countries of the world are dependent on a monopsony - there is in fact only one dominant buyer i.e. the government. In the 1980s, governments all

New York Activist - Debating Park 51 Research Paper

New York Activist - Debating Park 51 - Research write up ExampleThe significance of the first amendment to the Park 51 debate remains undeniable. The debate revolves around the construction of an Islamic Community Center on the 51 Park place in Lower Manhattan in New York. The major problem arising from this construction is its proximity to the World administer Center site. The World switch over Center site is under construction to replace the building lost in the 9/11 terrorist plan of attack. The Islamic extremists claimed responsibility of the 9/11 attack that killed over 2500 people. Therefore, the majority of American citizens dispute the construction of an Islamic magnetic core two blocks away from the terrorist scene. The Cordoba Initiative, responsible for the construction of the Islamic Community Center aims to grow a place where all the religions interact. The 16 story building contains a 2 story prayer space open to anyone from any religion. People accompaniment the construction of the building beseech using a constitutional point. They believe that the first amendment of the constitution allows the Muslims to construct a mosque or a community center in America. The supporters also view the community center as an avenue for healing and reconciliation after the events of 9/11. However, the opponents of the construction of the Islamic Center argue appealing to an emotional point of view. The opponents feel that the building displays insensitivity and disrespect to 9/11 victims. They think that the surrounding territory around the World Trade Center should remain a sacred place of mourning for lives lost, without the irritating presence of a mosque. The spiritual leader of the Islamic community center, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, also raises controversy. While the leader professes to be a moderate Muslim, he appears to support Muslim extremists. His protection of Muslim extremist in public on some occasions raises questions about his good intentio ns. Imam Rauf attended a CNN interview conducted by Soledad OBrien. In the interview he seemed evasive on the make do of the Hamas (Butler, Grant and Randall 24). He failed to clearly state whether he thought their acts were terrorist or not. Newt Gingrich commented on the issue of Park 51 saying, Nazis dont read a right to put up a sign next to the Holocaust Museum in Washington. This comment found its way into an article by Timothy Garton Ash in the Guardian Newspaper. However, the proponents of the building responded by pointing out an incident of 1977. At the time, neo-Nazis peacefully demonstrated in a holocaust survivors occupied neighborhood. This happened with the authorization of the United States Supreme Court respecting the constitutions first amendment. The opinion polls in America proved that 61% of Americans and 77% of New York residents opposed the construction of a mosque on the territory next to Park 51. Proponents insist the community center, which will also have a gym, culinary school, restaurant, swimming court, basketball court, child care facilities and a library among others, affirms America is a free country that respects its constitution. Meanwhile, the opponents of Park 51 standardised former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani doubt the goodness of constructing the center. He speculates that the construction of Park 51 creates further divisiveness between American and Muslims. More than a one-half of America takes offence of the proximity of Park 51 to the World Trade Center, hence constructing it might result not in reconciliation, but in divisiveness. some other opponents of the construction like Donald Trump think the Islamic center signifies victory of the 9/11 attack. RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Cereal Development Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cereal Development Proposal - Essay ExampleIt is imperative to raise number of Cheerios cereals from 11 to 20 at least. On contrast to that Kelloggs cereal category contains 27 varieties, while Malt-O-Meal has 19 types of cold cereals and 4 types of hot ones. Therefore, Cheerios should provide broader choice for the consumers, proposing absolutely new and hairsplitting tastes. Key findings Previous analysis has shown that Cheerios lags behind its competitors because of its not very diverse range of products. Kelloggs attracts consumers with big variety of brands, proposing such uncommon flavors and additives as maple syrup, almond, pecan tree and marshmallow. Meanwhile Malt-O-Meal suggests two categories of cereals hot and cold ones, that manages to distinguish it from other companies significantly. Taking into account mentioned competitive advantages, it is essential for Cheerios to develop new products with unfamiliar for consumers flavors and implement cautiously developed market ing plan, aiming at appropriate design of the new product types and effective promotion campaign. Moreover, in the issue of analysis it has been revealed that currently Kelloggs and Malt-O-Meal tell idea of healthy meal without any preservatives except natural ones.

Promotional Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Promotional Plan - Assignment ExampleMintels Digital Cameras and Peripherals - UK, Market Intelligence, May 2006, shows that two-thirds of consumers own a digital camera. This is a solid increase from the less than 5% of digital camera owners in 2001. PCs be now used to edit, print and send photos. Aside from the increasing popularity of peripherals, there is too increasing demand for wireless technology.Demand for wireless technology experienced rapid increase since 2004 and continues to this day. However, among printing machines, price erosion has reduced demand for these peripherals. To remedy the situation, companies pretend concentrated their production on Multi-Function Printers (MFPs) rather than Single-Function Printers (SFPs). The performance of MFPs for the period 2001-05 is shown in Figure 1.Target customers be the specific segments or groups of the market to which your product is adapt to. Before you are able to do this you must first identify needs for your produc t. Many professionals who are required to work outside the office are constantly looking for ways to make their job more portable and convenient.Our target customers are busy professionals who do not always have approach to a desk and standard desk sized printer. Because more and more people are opting to work in other places besides an office, this sort of technology is a must. We swear that the ImaJet with Bluetooth fits this market need. We have divided our target customers into two main categories 1) Professional Users and 2) Non-Professional Users. These two main categories are further divided into two categories each. For Professional Users, the subcategories are a) Photographic and visual Industry Professionals and b) Corporate Users. For Non-Professional Users, the subcategories are a) Hobbyists and Home Applications, and b) Students.1. Professional Users Professional users who would be in need of the ImaJet with Bluetooth would include the following a) Photographic and V isual Industry ProfessionalsThis would include professional photographers of all types, such as those engaged in portrait photography, landscape, architecture, wildlife, etc. This category would also include newspapers, magazines, printing presses, and like establishments. The ImaJet with Bluetooth will also be useful for interior designers, theatrical and cinematic designers, etc. b) Corporate UsersSome of the examples of these professionals who would be interested are Attorneys, police officeholders and inspectors. For the attorney, the printer allows for printing in and out of the courtroom for last minute reports and e-mails that were forgotten or destroyed, or when extra copies are needed for someone elses file.For the police officer -Law enforcement saves time and hassle by allowing them to print citations and any reports on drivers right on the side of the road from the safety of the car. Because of its size it does not get in the way inside of the vehicle. For the inspecto rs - This machine is handy especially for home inspectors they are able to print out a quality hard copy of the charge for the customer immediately after they are finished. Water inspectors would also find these useful because they will be able to print out copies of the work domain of a function to use for consulting with repair crews and customers

JOB STRESS, SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO LEAVE AMONG NEW SAUDI NURSES Research Proposal

JOB STRESS, SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO LEAVE AMONG NEW SAUDI NURSES - Research Proposal ExampleThe author only associates stress with a positive effect on employee employee turnover rate. Aflab (2013, p. 12) explains possible factors to the association between workplace stress and both employees satisfaction and turnover. harmonize to the author, stress increaser safety and healthiness hazards (12) whose effects include poor psychological health and increased susceptibility to injury and diseases. Cheng (2009, p. 11) supports the role of workplace stress in increasing employee turnover rate and introduces an interaction effect between stress and employee satisfaction to in influencing turnover rate. With reference to the role of organizational change on employees, the author argues that employees values influence their stress on job. Stress and job satisfaction then affect each other before they, each, influence employee turnover rate.Empirical studies shows existence of many fa ctors to job stress, job satisfaction, and employees intention to leave their organizations, observations that could be indicative of the environment in the nursing profession. A study that aimed at investigating relationship between job stress and depressive symptoms among nurses in Korea established import of job stress that translates to the symptoms. The symptoms further relates to some work environment factors such(prenominal) as job security and absence of reward. These imply significance of pleasure at work on employees stress that the depressive symptoms can detect (Yoon and Kim 2013, p. 171- 173). Vijay and Vazirani (2012, p. 48- 50) also explains significance of job stress in the nursing environment. Based on empirical results from a study on causes and moderators of stress, the authors note that job environment such as dealing with difficult associates of patients, poor remuneration, and challenges in interpersonal relations influences level of stress in nurses. The leve l of stress

Stroke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Stroke - Essay ExampleStroke has been classified into two main categories where we have ischaemic and hemorrhagic scene. Ischemic stroke takes place when the supply of kindred to some area of the star is impeded causing malfunction of that part of the brain. Ischemic stroke can result from venous thrombosis, systemic hyperfusion (which refers to a general reduction in the supply of blood such as shock), embolism (impediment/ obstruction caused by an embolus) or thrombosis (obstruction of the flow of blood when blood clots). Cryptogenic stroke is a stroke of unknown origins and lacks clear explanation. Cryptogenic strokes make up a third of all ischemic strokes. Dependent on signal extents, stroke episodes can be grouped as posterior circulation infarct (POCI), lacunar infarct (LACI), partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI) or total anterior circulation infarct (TACI). These four episode categories can give insight on the area of the brain that has been impacted, extent of st roke, the underlying cause and prognosis. Approximately 85% of strokes are of ischemic nature (Lindley, 2008, 102).Unlike ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, on the other hand, occur due to rapture of a vessel of blood or a vascular structure that is abnormal. Intracranial hemorrhage denotes the accumulation of blood in any part of the skull vault. Extra-axial hemorrhage is accumulation of blood inside the skull but outside the brain whereas intra-axial hemorrhage is blood inside the brain (caused by intra-ventricular hemorrhage or intra-parenchymal hemorrhage). Subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater), subdural hematoma (bleeding in the subdural space) and epidural hematoma (bleeding between the skull and the dura mater) are the commonest kind of extra-axial hemorrhage. Most forms of hemorrhagic stroke posses specific symptoms. Some hemorrhages take place in spite of appearance regions of ischemia in a

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay - 6

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the liability of employers for references. How, if at all, doe - Essay utilizationIssuing of references for employees or former employees by employers is a practice that is of interest to both the employer and the employee (Middlemiss 2013, p141). The employers have an interest in understanding the extent of their liability. On the new(prenominal) hand, the employees have an interest in knowing whether they have the right to sue employers for economic defame arising from unjust references. In understanding the liability of employers for references, the paper impart look into the relevant principles of the law by reviewing cases related to the subject in question (Lee 2011). Case studies Spring v Guardian Assurance plc and others The spring v Guardian Assurance plc and others led to the realization of the importance of pursuing acts of negligence through unjust and unfair references. Before this realization, employee s who suffered from unjust references only used the civil wrong laws to search for justice ( mob of Lords 1995). The option of the tort laws was non common due to the evidential obstacles that the plaintiff faced. In the Spring v Guardian Assurance plc and others, the House of Lords came to a conclusion that, in situations where an employer decides to give a current or former employee a reference, it is the employers responsibility to take reasonable care in preparing or subject the reference. It is also the employers responsibility to take care when verifying the information related to the reference. In addition, the House of Lords also concluded that, in situations where an employer issues a reference to a prospective or future employer, it is the employers responsibilities to provide care to that the employer in respect to the preparation of the reference. It further states that, in cases where a break of any of the duties occurs due to negligence in preparing the reference, t he employer issuing the reference can be held responsible for damages to the employee, prospective employer or future employer (UKHL, 1994). The employer issuing a reference has the responsibility to act in a fair manner towards the employee to protect the employee from suffering from economic losses due to negligence in issuing the reference. The employer also has a duty of care towards the employer receiving the reference because the recipient employer relies on the reference information in providing employment to the subject of the reference (McBride 2004, p.420). Therefore, the employers decision to employ the employee is largely influenced by the information provided on the reference. This point makes it reasonable to hold the employer issuing the reference responsible for any economic damage that the prospective employer suffers (Middlemiss 2004, p.67). In another example, it was concluded in the Legal Assurance Ltd v Kirk that, in a situation where an employer makes an inform al statement regarding an employee that is not relied on by a third party, there is no liability due to negligence even if there is no any reference issued. However, this claim was not accepted by the Court of Appeal because it was based on speculations on how the employer might respond when requested for a reference (Middlemiss 2004, p62). A different access in understanding the liability of employers for reference is evident in Bartholomew v London Borough of Hackney. In this case, an employer issuing

The dilemma of managing continuous change in performance management Research Paper

The dilemma of managing continuous change in performance management - Research Paper ExampleThe paper tells that in juvenile times, change in seam environment has been inevitable as business strive to remain relevant and competitive. Bradford and Warner note that the need for change in business environment has been brought about by technical advancements, increased customers and shareholders expectations, new initiatives, competition, and the need to increase demand among other factors. Therefore, in order to acquire the new challenges and attain the organizational goals and objectives, organizations stick introduced several changes. However, introduction of change, whether small or big, to organizational functions and addresses have often proved intimidating to some managers and have sometime not yielded the intended outcomes. This has resulted to adopting of change management strategies by managers in order to manage change successfully. According to Bradford and Burke, chang e management can be defined as the application of a set of principles, skills, processes, and tools for managing people and processes within an organization in order to transition or shift the organization from its real state to the desired or intended future state. Several researches have shown that in the modern competitive environment, it takes more than the known management strategies to realize organizations full potential Bradford and Warner. There is need for managers to welcome change and manage it strongly in order to achieve organizational success in the long- run. Continuous management of change is critical in performance management. Louis (2004, p. 46) explains that the essence of managing change in the organizations is to improve performance and ultimately achieve organizational goals and objectives. As such, continuous management of change is related to performance management. Performance management refers to activities and processes that ensure that goals are met co nsistently in a manner that is efficient and effective (Aubrey, 2004, p. 95). The focus of performance management is in regard to processes, departments, organization, and employees and aims at facilitating overall performance of the organization through attainment of organizational goals and objectives Bradford and Warner (2010, p. 18). 1.1 Purpose of the Study The break up of this research is to foster an understanding of the dilemma of managing continuous change in performance management. The research purports to get deep insights on the dilemmas of managing continuous change and how they touch on on performance management. 1.2 Problem Statement In the face of challenging business environment brought about by increased customers and shareholders expectations, technological developments, and competition, management are supposed to make continuous changes in their organizations in order to stay remain relevant and be successful (Bradford and Burke, 2005, p. 22). In the process of managing continuous change in order to improve the performance of organization, managers are faced with dilemma. The dilemma is on whether the intended change can lead to improve performance or

Family Map Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Family Map Project - Essay ExampleThey sometimes represent unbalanced relationships in the family that prevents healthy family dynamics. connected and cohesive levels of family cohesion represent the most functional across the life cycle, in part because they balance separateness and togetherness (Olson, et.al., 2005).Family flexibility is the amount of diverge that occurs in leadership, role relationships, and relationship rules (Olson, 2003, as quoted by Olson, et.al., 2005). Flexibility refers to the familys ability to adapt or to adjust to an event and to deal with changes in the family. Flexibility is as well categorized into four levels, which are rigid, structured, flexible and chaotic. The balanced response to change indicates the degree of a familys flexibility. A rigid family has an extreme resistance to change and the chaotic family leans so much on change that its stability is quadd in jeopardy. The structured and flexible family balances stability and change as and w hen events take place in the family. Families need a basic foundation that gives them stability, but they also need to be open to change when necessary (Olson, et.al., 2005). In order for a family to become stronger as a unit, it needs to accept the inevitability of change and still maintain its stability despite the changes.The third dimension of the couple and family symbolize model is communication. Communication is the grease that smoothes frictions between partners and family members (Olson, et.al., 2005). Communication allows family members to work through and to work out their problems and issues with each other. It involves listening skills, speaking skills, self-disclosure, clarity, staying on topic, and respect and regard. earshot skills include empathy and giving feedback it is not just hearing the other person speak, but also listening to what the other person wants to say. Speaking skills

Terrorism and criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Terrorism and criminology - Essay ExampleCriminological theories offer explanations for certain terrorist acts. Social disorganization guess explains the communal terrorist acts. In a society where the collective efficacy of cordial institutions have failed, a general unrest whitethorn emerge, which would eventually lead to terrorist acts. much(prenominal) an atmosphere facilitates organized crimes that are a reflection of the lack of respect for the failing systems and also of the notion that the punishment for such crimes will be slight severe where the legal justice has fallen apart with the failed institutions. Racial and ethnic heterogeneity in socially disorganized communities are apt to come to chair conflicts. In such communities the poverty rate will also be high, which will also lead to crimes that would gain the proportions of terrorism. Gang wars and organized crimes are approximately often transformed to terrorism in general. While the disruptions may emerge as an internal affair in the beginning, it is possible that the frustration and wrath may later be directed against other communities or nations. The disenchanted populace of a socially disorganized community is often the targets of international terrorist recruiters.The theory of keen-witted choice and deterrence is another criminological theory that effectively defines certain terrorist acts. It elicit explain individual and communal terrorism in a social structure. The theory explains criminal acts as personal or rational choice. The existence of a swift, severe and certain system of punishment in a sound out is apt top deter an individual or a society from committing a crime. If we analyze the amount of terrorism that emerges from states where the punishment system is weak, the theory whoremonger be proved beyond doubt. A state that fails to execute proper punishments will also fail to keep terrorist activities in check. The general assumption can be summarized that people will

Cave present us with a coherent picture of Platos ideas Essay Example for Free

Cave present us with a coherent picture of Platos ideas renderThe purpose of the fiction of the sunshine is to show the difference between knowledge and opinion. In the world of opinion the sun gives light for us to gain a posteriori knowledge through sight. Objects (such as tables and mugs) and concepts (such as beauty and love) be part of the world of opinion because they are detected by our senses. The Form of beauty (or love) exists in the realm of the Forms. Plato recalld that the Form of healthy gives philosophers knowledge of the Forms. The Form of Good gives the estimates eye the power of knowledge and illuminates otherwise Forms with truth and reality. In this air the Form of pricey allows us to see other forms and ultimately it allows us to see the form of good. The sun is also the start of all growth, and thus the Form of good is the source of all the Forms, and the cause of all existence. In the Sun, Platos idea is that visibility is opinion and the Form o f good gives us the reality behind visibility knowledge of the Forms.The dissever line goes into more(prenominal) depth on Platos previous idea. Although an abstract example, Plato uses it to try and make his idea simpler. Plato believed that there were four different states of the mind, and four different states of reality, two progressing from a lower level ( delusion / images and shadows) to a higher level (intelligence / Forms). The lowest level is the second hand images of personal things. As Plato thought that physical things were honest in the mind anyway, a shadow of a physical thing is the lowest form of knowledge, which corresponds to illusion in the mind. The next step up is physical things, which also covers sciences as they are based on the study of physical things. Belief is the empirical knowledge of physical thing, but is still opinion.The upper half of the divided line has numeral think, which is part of deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning does not re ly on empirical knowledge and so mathematical reasoning is not based on belief. The reasoning perceives mathematical ideas, which are based on some belief (such as seeing a square, you have a mathematical idea about the square), but these ideas do not rely on belief. The highest kind of knowledge in the mind is intelligence, which can only be reached by the philosopher. Mathematical reasoning leads to intelligence, but mathematical ideas (part of the intelligible world) lead to knowledge of the Forms.In the idea of the Divided Line, Plato is showing us in more detail the differences between knowledge and opinion. He suggests progressions from both illusion to pure thought, and from the less real (images and shadows) to the truly real (the Forms). He also makes two view distinctions between the world of knowledge and opinion (in the mind), and the world of appearances and the intelligible world (in reality). Platos idea of the Forms and the distinctions between the mind and reality have been coherent between the Sun and the Divided Line both showing very a care ideas but in different attentions to detail. There is a slight incoherence though. In the simile of the Sun, Plato tells us that the Form of good gives us power to see all forms, yet in the Divided Line it is unclear if the Form of good gives any power at all, as it appears to be mathematical ideas which allow us to perceive the Forms. It may be though that these mathematical ideas simply give way to the Form of good so it can allow us to see the Forms.The Simile of the Cave moves into more specific detail on the accent of the mind from illusion to knowledge, shown by the captives accent from the cave to the outside world (intelligible world). The simile is also an example of the divided line, using ideas put forward such as shadows, physical things, illusion, the Forms (the Sun) etc. Like the Sun simile Plato depicts the Form of good as the greatest of all lights. There is a road between the flame and cave, maybe to portray a clear conversion from illusion to intelligence. There are mass talking outside holding statues. Their voices and the images of the statues are projected into the cave, and the prisoners believe these are real. The people trapped in the cave are all looking at shadows of statues (images themselves) projected against the wall, and therefore are doubly ignorant.Plato allows a prisoner to be released, and he walks towards the fire where he is dazzled. It hurts him, and he is told that the people on the road are real and that the shadows are nonsense. He returns to the cave choosing illusion. Plato is showing a would-be philosopher failing his journey of knowledge, due to a flawed character. Later on, the prisoner is taken into the sunlight and held until his eyes grow inclined to the sunlight. Once accustomed he can see shadows and reflections within time.Plato here brings in the idea from the simile of the Sun, creating a coherent idea between the two sim iles, that the Form of good (the Sun) allows the philosopher to see other things until finally he can see the forms, and finally the Form of good itself (the Sun). Through duty the prisoner returns to the cave and is blinded by the darkness. This is an idea Plato has that the eyes can be blinded by the light and by the dark, as the mind can be confused by great and lesser minds. This continues a coherent idea of Platos from the Sun simile, the idea of the Sun and the Mind, or if we were to bring the Divided Line into this, Reality and the Mind. So far Plato has created a seemingly coherent picture of knowledge and opinion.After descending from the Forms the prisoner tells the other prisoners the statues. He has seen the Form of justice and they have only seen the shadow of justice, and so they hold different views and therefore he is put on trial. Plato here is showing societys view of the philosopher ruler in a similar way as he does with the simile of the Ship.The different state s of the Mind in the Divided Line are straight comparisons to features of the Cave. Illusion is the shadows cast by firelight belief is the statues of things and the fire mathematical reasoning is the shadows and reflections of real things of which the images are made intelligence is the things themselves (moon and stars), and finally the Form of Good is the Sun. Plato uses a coherent idea throughout as appears to use similar / the same ideas in each of his similes (i.e., The Sun the Form of Good).There are problems in each of the similes and they all have points where they break down and lose a certain amount of coherence. In the simile of the Sun, although Plato would not have known at the time, the eyes are not charged up by the Sun, like he wanted us to think. Within the simile, therefore, the Form of Good no longer charges the mind with the power of seeing the Forms, but rather casts light onto other Forms.This is not what Plato wanted to portray. In the Sun, Plato explores th e idea of the Sun being the ultimate Form in detail, but in the Cave, the sun itself is forgotten, and is seen more as a goal, or object, than as a metaphor for knowledge. Plato uses the fire and statues in more detail than the sun in the Cave simile, giving a better history of knowledge, which creates incoherence between the use of the sun in the Sun simile and its use in the Cave.In the simile of the Cave, mathematical ideas are not reference worked at all, not even in the accent to the Forms. This breaks down the idea of the Divided Line. A solution would be though that in the Divided Line, mathematical ideas are implied rather than stated Plato may not even have mentioned the idea of mathematical ideas. This may be a reason why Plato did not mention them in the Cave.Plato says the prisoners only perceive shadows, which means the lowest level of knowledge illusion. This implies that Athenians cannot even see physical things, which is absurd because, unless all Athenians are bli nd, they will be able to visibly see objects such as tables, chairs, knifes etc. He also contradicts what he said earlier in the section on the Philosopher Ruler, that people in general only experience opinion / belief.This is only a problem if we use a strict interpretation, and in that case it would not be a simile at all, as similes should be open to wide interpretation. Another problem occurring in the Cave is that the shadows are used to describe illusion once, and mathematical reasoning another time. If we take the Divided Line, shadows should show illusion, and mathematical reasoning should be based upon physical things and a certain amount of belief. Plato has utilize his metaphor of shadows in one of these similes and created an inconsistency.Although Plato has given us a clear picture of what his idea of knowledge and opinion is, and how the Form of Good fits into it, he has unexpended many questions unanswered and a lot of gaps which need filling. His similes have been written and laid out in such a way that they can be interpreted in many varying, some contradictory fashions. This leads to the question of did Plato actually know himself where he was going with his arguments, or did he make them up as he went along? I personally think he thought them out well, but had to manipulate some things to fit in with his line of reasoning. This is perhaps a reason why these three similes are partly incoherent.